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Department of Vegetables, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Breeding, Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i03.47

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Abstract: This study was conducted at the research facilities of the Horticulture Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center in Egypt during the period from 2017 to 2019 to develop cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) inbred lines and hybrids tolerant to high temperature to reduce losses in quality and yield and evaluate them under greenhouse conditions. Twenty two inbred lines and twenty hybrids were evaluated in the two successive summer plantings of 2017/18 and 2018/19 under greenhouse conditions along with the hybrid Lamar as a control. Total yield reflected great variation among the inbred lines and ranged from 5.50 to 0.53 kg^-1. P₁₀ gave the greatest total yield and it was at par with P₁₉. Narrow range (3.20 to 2.50 cm) was observed among hybrids for fruit diameter. The highest value was recorded in P₂×P₅. Fruit weight reflected great variation among the hybrids and the hybrid, P₂×P₅ gave the heaviest fruit weight. Data showed significant differences among hybrids for total yield and hybrid P₁×P₃ gave the highest value of total yield and was at par with hybrid Lamar (control). The cross P₁×P₄ achieved high specific combining ability (SCA) effects for all traits in this study which means comparing the general combining ability effects (GCA) of the parents to their corresponding crosses’ SCA indicate that the GCA effects of the parents were reflected in the SCA effects of the crosses for the most studied traits. The reciprocal effects in F₁ diallel crosses were significant for most of the traits studied and the cross P₅×P₁ achieved high SCA effects for all traits.

Viticulture Department Horticulture Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt. Department of Soil and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.20

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Abstract: This investigation was conducted during three successive seasons of 2016, 2017 and 2018 in a private vineyard located at Samaloute district, Minia Governorate, Egypt on Red Globe grapevines to study the possibility of reducing the amount of mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by using its natural rocks when combined with organic manure (FYM), bio-fertilizers (BF) and elemental sulphur (S). The chosen vines were nine years old, grown in a clay loam soil, spaced at 1.75 x 3 m apart, irrigated under surface irrigation system, and spur-pruned, trellised by Gable supporting system and trained to quadrilateral cordon system. The results revealed the possibility of using 50 % natural rocks of P and K + FYM + BF + S as a partial substitute of mineral phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Application of 50 % mineral P and K + 50 % natural rocks of P and K + FYM + BF + S exhibited the most suitable management system for achieving the best yield with its components, physical properties of clusters, improved physical and chemical berry characteristics, vegetative growth, leaf chlorophyll and mineral content of Red Globe grapevines. The treatment also improved the soil properties.

ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, Lucknow 226101, India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.21

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Abstract: The study was conducted on the visitor preference for different modules of National Mango Database developed by ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow, India. The purpose behind creating the database was to develop a portal for providing information on different aspects related to mango. A number of modules were developed on the portal https://mangifera.res.in. Important modules of the database are on 566 phytochemicals, 294 protein sequences, 540 primers, 30,000 nucleotides, 1690 EST, 66 field gene banks holding >4500 accessions, nurseries, processing units, exporters, species, varieties. A module on online phenology monitoring system and a web tool to compare test variety with reference variety was also developed as per DUS guidelines for suggesting reference variety after comparison with candidate’s variety. Agumented knowledge in the database is attracting high number of visitors from all over the world for collecting useful information available in different modules of the portal. The present analysis deals with the popularity of different modules through collated information at the portal. Digital products as an outcome may be developed for the use by farmers, traders, scientists, students and mango lovers. On the basis of analysis made for hits it can be said that mango database becoming popular among people as a unique mango repository and people around the world are showing interest in its different modules.

Biotechnology & Nanotechnology Research Centre, MARDI Headquarters, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Horticulture Research Centre, MARDI Sintok, 06050, Bukit Kayu Hitam, Kedah, Malaysia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.22

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Abstract: The study was conducted on a polyembryonic mango, Harumanis which contains more than one embryos including one zygotic andsingle or more number of nucellar one. In this paper, we used microsatellite markers to identify whether the seedlings of Harumanis were zygotic or nucellar. A total of 95 progenies of Harumanis were evaluated using 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers. The genetic profiling revealed that a total of 14 Harumanis progenies were zygotic or open pollinated seedling as their genetic profile was different with Harumanis at least at one loci. Nevertheless, 76 Harumanis progenies were true to type or nucellar seedlings as their genetic profile was similar to Harumanis. The remaining five progenies could not be identified with the call rates of the genotypic data. Identifying true to type or nucellar seedling is useful for nursery growers to determine the true to type Harumanis progenies from the seed. Meanwhile, the open pollinated seedling or zygotic seedlings are preferred by breeders as they are considered as a new variety which increases the mango genetic variability.

Study Program of Agroecotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia. ²Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture. University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.23

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Abstract: Fruit and flower crops based on the secondary data were the types of featured horticultural products analyzed and identified in this study sourced from BPS of Bali Province and BPS of Tabanan District. Location Quotient (LQ) was used for identification of featured fruit and flower plant product of sub-district in Tabanan district. The localization of the featured product was analyzed using the localization coefficient (?) and regional specialties using the specialization coefficient (?). The results of the analysis showed that the featured fruit products from Tabanan district are orange, guava, water guava, pineapple, papaya, banana, jackfruit, duku, zallaca, mangosteen and durian being cultivated in Pupuan and Penebel subdistrict. Fruit products are not localized in one district. Although the fruit products are superior, but Tabanan district is not specialized in producing fruit plants, which is indicated by a coefficient of specialization that is smaller than one. Featured flower plant products are most cultivated in Marga and Baturiti subdistricts. Flower plant products are not localized in one subdistrict shown by the localization coefficient which is smaller than one. However, based on the specialization coefficient, Tabanan District is specialized in producing heliconia flowers with a specialization coefficient greater than one.

Department of Textiles and Clothing, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore. India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.24

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Abstract: Natural fibres are revived and used in various applications as a substitute for environmentally hazardous synthetic fibres. Many researches are going on for developing fabric both woven and non woven composites from fibers of banana pseudostem. Banana fibres have scope for export also. It’s year round availability and affordability, has good market potential. Today banana fibre products are produced at small scale. The possibilities of using non conventional natural fibres in regular basis need to be explored. Fabrics are made from banana fiber and can be considered green apparel of the future. This review paper discusses the fiber source, extraction, availability, applications and potential for successful commercial use for developing rural employment opportunities.

Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hongduc University, Thanhhoa city, Vietnam. Faculty of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education, Hanoi city, Vietnam. Faculty of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries, Hongduc University, Thanhhoa city,Vietnam

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.25

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Abstract: This paper presents research results on the changes in physiological and biochemical parameters during growth and development of mango fruit grown in Vietnam, thereby determining the physiological maturity time of the fruit. The results showed that significant changes occurred in pigments content, reducing sugar content, starch content, total organic acid content, vitamin C content, protein content, lipid content, pectin content, tannin content and changes in the activity of enzymes ?-amylase, catalase, peroxidase of mango from formation to fruit ripening. Based on the results, we found that mango fruit should be harvested at physiological maturity (16 weeks old) before completely ripening on the tree to ensure the nutritional value of the fruit during storage.

Vegetable Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Palur - 607 102, Tamil Nadu, India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.26

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Abstract: Jamun fruits collected from different locations showed wide variations in fruit and seed characters. Among 49 genotypes, SC1, SC27, SC33 and SC40 had lesser seed weight ranging from 0.3 to 0.8 g, therefore these genotypes can be considered as seedless types. Also, these genotypes had least seed content viz., 9.1 % (SC1), 10.3 % (SC27), 6.5 % (SC33) and 5.6 % (SC40). Nevertheless, these genotypes have two types of fruit in which the bigger fruits have thin seed and others have no seed. In seedless fruits, the aborted ovule was recorded. In addition, the seedless genotypes were found to have higher total soluble solids and sugars. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in the food industry particularly for the preparation of value added products and also as table fruit variety.

Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, Gangtok- 737 102, India. Present Address: Department of Horticulture, Sikkim University, 6^th Mile, Tadong, Gangtok- 737 102, India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.27

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Abstract: Ginger is one of the major cash crops of Sikkim and being an organic state, maintaining sustainability in ginger cultivation is a challenge especially in the changing climate scenario. Soft rot caused by Pythium aphanidermatum is a major problem in ginger cultivation and the disease has resulted into reduction in the acreage under the crop in this Himalayan state. Conventional exhaustive organic inputs, self renewable organic inputs like plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) were tested against the soft rot incidence in ginger for two consecutive years. Two local varieties, namely, Bhaise and Majouley were used with conventional organic inputs and PGPR, alone and in combinations. The disease causing organism was challenge inoculated. The disease symptoms were assessed by visual scoring. In addition, growth and yield parameters were recorded. The results revealed that PGPR along with the other organic inputs have a significant effect on disease suppression in addition to promoting the growth and yield parameters like plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf area and yield per plant. The information generated can act as a readily available environmentally safe method for the management of soft rot in ginger through organic means.

College of Agronomic Engineering, Federal University of Pará, Altamira-PA, Brazil. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Recife-PE, Brazil. ³Department of Production Vegetable, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada-PE, Brazil. ⁴Department of Agropecuária, – Specialized Academic Unit in Agrarian Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Macaíba-RN, Brazil. ⁵Center for Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Campina Grande, Pombal-PB, Brazil. ⁶São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Science and Engeneering, Tupã-SP, Brazil. ⁷Department of Human Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Barreiras-BA, Brazil.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.28

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Abstract: Gerbera is a very popular ornamental plant and used in ornamental gardens or as a cut flower. However, as a cut flower, postharvest quality is minimal, which requires solutions to ensure its longevity, especially with acidic solutions. The study was conducted understand if the action of maintenance solutions with acids influence the postharvest physiology of gerbera cv. ‘Piang’. The experimental design was factorial completely randomized consisting of two factors: four postharvest treatments and seven evaluation times. The flowers were kept in 200 mg L^-1 of citric acid solution (ACS reagent, ? 99.5 % - Sigma-Aldrich), 200 mg L^-1 of boric acid solution (ACS reagent, ? 99.5 %) and 200 mg L^-1 of salicylic acid solution (ACS reagent, ? 99.0 %) and potable water as a control. During the postharvest period, fresh mass loss, water absorption, petal luminosity, total longevity, peroxidase (POD) enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, total protein and total carbohydrate content were studied. Treatments with boric and salicylic acids recorded higher percentage of fresh weight loss. Citric acid showed higher water absorption rate and better appearance in the luminosity of the petals. The total protein and carbohydrate content decreased during the evaluation period but in the citric acid treatment, the reduction was not so significant. On the other hand, citric acid induced higher peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in the second day of evaluation and lower activity until the tenth day.

Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam. Centre for Applied Silviculture Research and Extension, Silviculture Research Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences, Hanoi, Vietnam. Vietnam National University of Forestry, Xuan Mai, Hanoi, Vietnam.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.29

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Abstract: Vegetative propagation method such as cutting provide uniform plant materials from mother plants. The effects of medium and exogenous hormone pretreatment on rooting were studied for golden camellia - Camellia impressinervis, a tree species which is used for healthcare. The results showed that exogenous hormone IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid), IAA (Indole-3-acetic acid), and their different concentrations significantly affected rooting efficiency. Cuttings treated with IBA and IAA had significantly higher rooting percentage than control (54.2 %). Higher rooting efficiency was obtained with IBA, which resulted in highest rooting percentage of 91.4 % at 4 months of growth by using concentration of 0.5 % (by weight). Hormone types and their concentrations did not affect mean root number (MRN) and mean root length (MRL). Cutting media significantly affected rooting efficiency, MRN per cutting, and MRL. Using medium of 100 % sand resulted in highest rooting percentage ( 91.4 %), roots per cutting (4.2) and MRL (5.4 cm) at 4 months of growth. It is concluded that to produce seedlings for C. impressinervis by cuttings, rooting medium of 100 % sand should be used and cuttings should be pretreated by 0.5 % IBA. In addition, cutting management is also important for rooting efficiency. It must be controlled with humidity of >95 % and temperature of <27^oC.

Field Crops Research Institute, Hai Duong, Vietnam. Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam 3116, Republic of Korea. Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.30

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Abstract: The Korean radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus) cvs. BDM, CDM, HGM, HTM, JKM and SJM, and a standard Vietnamese cv. R13 were evaluated for adaptability, yield and quality as affected by planting geometry in Vietnam over two growing seasons. In first season, radish cultivars were planted under the planting geometries 30 × 15 cm, 30 × 30 cm, or 60 × 30 cm. The Korean radish cultivars produced better yield of good quality than the Vietnamese cultivar. The Korean and Vietnamese cultivars had better root yield with the planting geometries of 30 × 15 cm and 60 × 30 cm, respectively. The Korean radish cultivars SJM, JKM and BDM, performed well in Vietnam, in terms of yield and quality than the Vietnamese cultivar. Therefore, Korean radish cultivars may be grown in Vietnam.

Biotechnology Department, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, 70000.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.17

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Abstract: Yield imporovement is one of major breeding objectives of cucumber improvement. Gynoecious, an important agricultural trait which highly correlates with yield, was proved to be controlled by F locus. Conventional plant breeding approach has some limitations in terms of potential inaccuracies and time-consuming. Molecular marker - assisted breeding is, therefore, an effectively alternative solution. F locus– linked molecular marker was previously reported. The main aim of this project was to evaluate the potential applicability of this F locus– specific marker for marker–assisted selection in Vietnam cucumber breeding program. Three different cucumber populations e.g., pure lines, F2 and F3 population were utilized with 13, 131 and 84 plants, respectively for each population. Plant sexual phenotypes were determined. Sequencing reactions were performed for BCAT 3’UTR of 3 gynoecious and 2 monoecious pure lines. Plant genotypes were determined by standard PCR with a primer pair amplifying a 56 bp-deletion region in BCAT 3’UTR. A 56 bp-deletion was found in BCAT 3’UTR of gynoecious pure lines as compared with monoecious lines. The marker based on this 56 bp-deletion region in BCAT 3’UTR could help to separate cucumber plants having homozygous and heterozygous sex phenotypes. The marker genotype absolutely corresponded with monoecious trait. Especially, the marker could precisely explain for 80 % gynoecious trait. The marker highly explained for Vietnam cucumber sex traits and could be applied for marker-assisted selection in cucumber breeding program in Vietnam in future.

Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, St. John Plant Science Lab 102, Honolulu, HI 96822. ²Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3050 Maile Way, Gilmore Hall 609, Honolulu, HI 96822.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.18

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Abstract: Seashore paspalum has gained increased popularity in Hawaii due to its salt tolerance and the use of non-potable water on golf courses. Bermudagrass and goosegrass are problem weeds infesting both fairways and greens on many seashore paspalum golf courses. Herbicide efficacy studies were conducted at the West Loch Golf Course (‘Salam’ seashore paspalum, greens cut) on the island of Oahu in Hawaii. The herbicides metribuzin, topramezone, mesotrione, and ethofumesate were evaluated in tank mixtures for bermudagrass and mature goosegrass control and seashore paspalum injury. Goosegrass was controlled with tank mixes that included topramezone (0.01 kg ha^-1) + metribuzin (0.10 kg ha^-1) with an acceptable level of seashore paspalum discoloration. Incorporating a post-spray dry down allowed for complete control of goosegrass with one spray application. Maximum bermudagrass injury was seen in treatments with mesotrione (0.07 kg ha^-1) and/or ethofumesate (1.12 kg ha^-1). Applications of mesotrione did not result in goosegrass control. Seashore paspalum turf bleaching from mesotrione and topramezone can be reduced with the addition of metribuzin and/or ethofumesate to the tank mix.

Vegetable Breeding Res. Dept. Hort. Res. Inst. Agric. Res. Cent. Giza, Egypt. Onion, Garlic and Oil Crops Diseases Research Department, Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt. Vegetative Reproduction Res. Dept. Hort. Inst. Agric. Res. Cent. Giza, Egypt. Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2020.v22i02.19

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Abstract: This study was conducted during the winter seasons of 2015 to 2019 to select garlic clones superior in yield, quality and tolerant or resistant to white rot disease. Fourteen mutants from Balady and five mutants from Egassed-1 garlic cvs. were isolated in stable form and selected after 4 successive generations (M1V4) from previous breeding program using mutagens viz., di-ethyel sulphate (DES), di (2-chloro ethyel) amine (DEA) and gamma ray. Cloves of two local garlic cultivars (Balady and Egassed-1) were irradiated with gamma ray doses i.e. 1, 3, 5,10 and 15 Gy or treated with previous mutagens. Out of Balady selected clones, Mut 6-1 and Mut 6 had the heaviest cloves compared to the original cultivar with values of 3.8 and 3.6 g/cloves, in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017seasons, respectively. Likewise, Mut 6-2 and Mut 7 which resulted from Eggaseed-1 cv. had the heaviest cloves compared to the original cultivar with values of 7.6 and 7.2 g/cloves, in the first and second seasons, respectively. Significant positive correlations were detected between the most of the desirable traits. Artificial infestation with Sclerotium cepivorum was carried out under greenhouse conditions during two successive seasons of 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 and under natural infestation in the open field to evaluate the resistance in the two cultivars and their mutants. In case of Balady cv., Mut 6-1 (10 GY) and Mut 2 (0.1 % DEA) were highly tolerant in the two tested seasons with infection percentage of 11.33 and 12.33 % in the first season and 13.33 and 15.33 % in the second one with efficacy 80.4, 78.74 and 78.15, 74.87 %, respectively, compared to Balady (58 and 61 % infection). Regarding, Eggaseed-1 cv., Mut 6-2 and Mut 6-1 resulted from irridiation (10 GY) were highly tolerant mutants in the two tested seasons with infection percentage of 8.33 and 10.67 % in the first season and 9 and 10.67 % in the second one with efficacy 81.21, 75.93 % and 81.38, 79.99 %, respectively as compared to original cultivar,(44.33 and 48.33 % infection). Results of employed QRT-PCR technique showed that Mut 6-1 (10 GY) which had significantly high tolerance to garlic white rot disease showed great regulation-up of detective defense genes (PR1, PR5, PAL and HQT) with high relative expression values compared to original cultivar, Balady. Similar results were obtained in case of Eggaseed-1 cv. Results showed that respective encoded PR and polyphenol synthase genes might have played important role in defense reaction of obtained mutants of two tested garlic cultivars against S. cepivorum infection. Mutants with high tolerance to garlic white rot disease could be used by growers in the infested areas.